Maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone eez disputes. Be it enacted by the niue assembly, and by the authority of the same, as follows. Overflight in the exclusive economic zone eez issued by the ocean. This chapter examines the evolution of the concept and its juridical nature, and the legal regime applicable to the eez. It considers the future development of the eez legal regime.
Federal register fisheries of the exclusive economic zone. The exclusive economic zone is a special area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea. Actions by chinas maritime forces at the japanadministered senkaku islands in the east china sea ecs are another concern for u. As described in the methodology, tacs are set to a level that falls within the range of abcs recommended by the ssc. Exclusive economic zone and continental shelf environmental. This article summarises some of the key points in a recent paper prepared by the author for the new zealand law society. Page 1 national legislation doalosola united nations asdf royal decree concerning the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone, 10 february 1981. An exclusive economic zone eez is a concept adopted at the third united nations conference on the law of the sea 1982, whereby a coastal state assumes jurisdiction over the exploration and exploitation of marine resources in its adjacent section of the continental shelf, taken to be a band extending 200 miles from the shore. Crisp news summaries and articles on current events about exclusive economic zone for ibps, banking, upsc, civil services. Media in category exclusive economic zones the following 59 files are in this category, out of 59 total. Pdf the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. Economic zone basically, the exclusive economic zone eez is a 200 nautical mile zone extending from a coastal states baseline in which the coastal state has priority of access to living resources and exclusive right of access to nonliving resources. However, the focus of scientific assessments has generally been limited to waters shallower than 100 m and terrestrial systems. Exclusive economic zone definition and meaning collins.
China strategic competition in south and east china. Pdf the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea losc, with the provisions for defining an exclusive economic zone eez. Delimitation of exclusive economic zone of nigeria 1 subject to the other provisions of this act, there is hereby denominated a zone to be known as the exclusive economic zone of nigeria in this act referred to as the exclusive zone which shall be an area extending from the external. Short title and commencement 1 this act may be cited as the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone act 1977. Final report of the committee on exclusive economic zone information needs. Maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone eez. Latest current affairs in april, 2020 about exclusive economic zone. It shall not extend beyond 200 nm from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, which means. Exclusive economic zone and continental shelf environmental effects act 2012 guidance on using the rulings assessment tool revision 2. Definition of exclusive economic zone in the dictionary. Exclusive economic zone eez definition, explanation.
Within the eez the coastal state has the right to exploit and regulate fisheries and carry out various other activities to. However, is this claim assured and are the expected benefits being realised. This article looks at the exclusive economic zone environmental effects bill in light of new zealands rights and obligations under the united nations law of the sea convention. Zone and continental shelf environmental effects act 2012. The exclusive economic zone working together in the eez. Nmfs manages the groundfish fishery in the goa exclusive economic zone according to the fishery management plan for groundfish of the gulf of alaska fmp prepared by the north pacific fishery management council under authority of the magnusonstevens fishery conservation and management act. The territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive. Virgin islands, the commonwealth of the northern mariana islands, and any other territory or possession over which the united states. The irfa evaluated the economic impacts on small entities of alternative harvest strategies for the groundfish fisheries in the eez off alaska. Improved mcs will aid in the deterrence, detection, interdiction, and. Two broad, nonmutually exclusive, categories of shared stocks have been identified as transboundary stocks eez to eez and straddling fish stocks both within the eez and the adjacent high seas. The republic of palau exclusive economic zone monitoring. Exploration and development within the eez offshore oil and gas nzls cle ltd, march 2014.
This document is not authoritative and is only intended to provide general guidance regarding. This paper addresses the law regulating the exploration and exploitation of minerals and other nonliving resources within new zealands exclusive economic zone. An exclusive economic zone eez is an area which is beyond, and is adjacent to, a given countrys territorial seas, and extends no more than 200 nautical miles 370 kilometers out from a countrys own coastlines. As such, it would seem reasonable to consider the exclusive economic zone to be an instrument of national security. Issues such as the legal status of the eez, enforcement jurisdiction in the eez, the relationship between the eez and the continental shelf, the significance of the peaceful use or peaceful purposes clauses of the.
Presidential memorandum, ocean mapping of the united states exclusive economic zone and the shoreline and nearshore of alaska, 84 fr 64699 nov. Eez exclusive economic zones an area usually 370 km from the shore in which a state has rights to explore, exploit, and manage natural resources in the seas. Maritime boundaries and exclusive economic zones 200nm, version 11. The exclusive economic zone, a latin american perspective. Exclusive economic zone definition of exclusive economic. This article provides an analysis of military activities in the exclusive economic zone eez, which has become a relevant issue in the relations among states over the last decades. It is the final draft of the following publication. Military activities in an exclusive economic zone eez in may 2016, following a dangerous intercept by two chinese j11 fighter jets that approached within 50 feet of an u. Exclusive economic zone eez is comparatively a concept of recent origin. The exclusive economic zone eez of the republic of mauritius extends over an area of about 2. Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples log in dictionary. The eez represents the culmination of efforts to devise a transitional zone between the territorial sea, in which the coastal state has sovereignty subject to the right of innocent passage, and the high seas, an area whose use has been regarded traditionally as free. Beyond its territorial waters, every coastal country may establish an eez extending 370 km 200 nautical miles from shore.
The eez, article 55 is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the. The exclusive economic zone and public international law. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles nmi from its coast. Exclusive economic zone definition is the area of sea and seabed extending from the shore of a country claiming exclusive rights to it. With respect to an exclusive fishing zone or eez, the maritime powers recognized that coastal states, especially developing coastal states, constituted a majority at the conference and were not going to retract from claims to exclusive rights to the natural resources in the waters in a zone adjacent to their coast. Virgin islands, the commonwealth of the northern mariana islands, and any other territory or. Qatari exclusive economic zone flanders marine institute 2019. Pdf oil and gas in the exclusive economic zone robert. Page 1 national legislation doalosola united nations asdf the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones act, 1976, act no. We also address three key areas of concern with the bill as currently. Exclusive economic zone an overview sciencedirect topics. This latter is the main instrument regulating the relations among.
It starts from the discussion of the principles of mare liberum and mare clausum, which are at the basis of the united nations convention of the law of the sea unclos. Notwithstanding this guidance, the epa will be open to considering whether it is appropriate in the. The republic of palau exclusive economic zone monitoring, control, and surveillance the next five years 20162021. This article analyses military activities in the exclusive economic zone eez from a legal point of view. Territorial sea and exclusive economic zone act 1996. An exclusive economic zone eez, as defined by the united nations convention on the law of the sea, is a 200 nautical mile jurisdiction granted to coastal nations for sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or nonliving, of the waters superjacent to the. An exclusive economic zone is a seazone over which a coastal state has a sovereign right to explore and exploit, conserve and manage its natural resources.
The central government by notification in official gazette may alter the breadth. Federal register strategy for mapping, exploring, and. Legal aspect of exclusive economic zone exclusive economic zone is an outer area and side by side with territorial sea which is adhere to specific law regime according to jurisdictions and rights of coastal country and also rights and freedoms of other countries. This thesis examines new zealands maritime claims in the context of national security. Exclusive economic zone and continental shelf environmental effects act 2012. Pdf acknowledgments this report was,prepared,under,the guidance,of idgecs scientific steering committee, including. Exclusive economic zone international law britannica. The newest concept of the montego bay convention was the exclusive economic zone. Marine regions papua new guinean exclusive economic zone eez. Duty of persons operating in exclusive economic zone or on continental shelf.
Principles for building confidence and security in the exclusive. The regime of an exclusive economic zone eez in public international law is at a formative stage of development. This chapter elaborates the concept of the exclusive economic zone eez, created in response to the contemporary need for the economic development of coastal states. Ep3 aries reconnaissance aircraft, chinas foreign ministry demanded that the u. In this article, you can read all about eezs, which is a part of both the economy and the geography segments of the upsc syllabus. United states exclusive economic zone great lakes of the united states the united states is an ocean nation the u. New zealands exclusive economic zone eez is the area of sea and seabed that extends from. Maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone eez disputes involving china congressional research service the united states, like most other countries, believes that coastal states under unclos have the right to regulate economic activities in their eezs, but do not have the right to regulate foreign military activities in their eezs. Costa rican exclusive economic zone flanders marine institute 2019. Within the eez the coastal state has the right to exploit and regulate fisheries and carry out various. The publication at hand by the office of the law commissioner is an english translation and consolidation of the exclusive economic zone and the.
An act to delimit the exclusive economic zone of nigeria being an area extending up to 200 nautical miles seawards from the coasts of nigeria. Since 1982, when the united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos was concluded and the eez concept was introduced. Oecd glossary of statistical terms exclusive economic. Royal decree concerning the territorial sea, continental. United states united states exclusive economic zone great lakes of the united states the united states is an ocean nation the u.
Nov 16, 2009 the exclusive economic zone eez is the newest juridical zone which has emerged from the recent evolution of the law of the sea. With respect to an exclusive fishing zone or eez, the maritime powers recognized that coastal states, especially developing coastal states, constituted a majority at the conference and were not going to retract from claims to exclusive rights to the natural resources. The establishment of the exclusive economic zone eez regime in the early 1980s brought with it the shared fish stock problem. Fisheries of the exclusive economic zone off alaska. Papua new guinean exclusive economic zone flanders marine institute 2019. Marine regions costa rican exclusive economic zone eez. Exclusive economic zone eez regime in east asian waters.
This zone can extend to a maximum of 200 nautical miles, measured from the baseline used for determing the breadth of the territorial sea2. Rulings made to the environmental protection authority epa under section 162 of the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf environmental effects act 2012 the eez act. Over this zone, a nationstate has exclusive special rights for exploring and using the marine resources. Exclusive economic zone meaning in the cambridge english. Exclusive economic zone the convention gives coastal states the right to es tablish by proclam ation an exclusive econom ic zone beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea1. An exclusive economic zone eez is a zone in the sea prescribed by the united nations convention on the law of the sea unclos over which a country has certain rights. Pdf the performance of exclusive economic zones researchgate. Pdf exclusive economic zones and the management of fisheries. An exclusive economic zone eez is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 united nations. Vision by december 2021, the palau national marine sanctuary will be fully estab. Improving regulation of environmental effects in new zealands exclusive economic zone 1. The role of the economic exclusive zone eez in the international law of the sea remains a controversial issue two decades after the 1982 united nations. It is a concept which has received rapid and widespread acceptance in state practice and is thus now considered by some to be part of customary international law. The effort to protect the living resources of nearby coastal waters resulted in a concept which defined the rights of the coastal state.
As we have seen, the evolution of the exclusive economic zone concept took place in the developing world. Information and translations of exclusive economic zone in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. This right is also extended to production of energy from wind and water. With an exclusive economic zone eez of 1,589,477 km 2, the total area of solomon islands is comprised of over 98% ocean. Exclusive economic zone eez extends no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the u. The concept of the exclusive economic zone is an essential element of the package of compromises and tradeoffs that constitutes the 1982 convention on the law of the sea. The role of the economic exclusive zone eez in the international law of the sea remains a controversial issue two decades after the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea losc came into force. Short title and commencement 1 this act may be cited as the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone act 1996.
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